Heart disorders and diseases

Mandy VanBibber posted Nov 10, 2020 12:07 PM  Subscribe Previous   Next   This page automatically marks posts as read as you scroll. Adjust automatic marking as read setting Heart failure is a condition in which the heart has a problem with ventricular filling or ejection, which leads to a deficit in cardiac output and in response to that decreased output the tissues lack perfusion.  Heart failure is an outcome of many disorders, but the most common risk factor is hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic disease (Dlugosch, & Story, 2021). List 3 symptoms the patient exhibits and the patho-principles. Fatigue and weakness:  Fatigue and weakness becomes a problem as the heart becomes less effective as a pump.   Fatigue occurs because less oxygenated blood reaches the muscles.  When the heart becomes less effective pump, the body diverts blood from less vital structure to more important organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys.  In advanced disease fatigue can result from the buildup of toxins not filtered by the kidneys.  Shortness of breath:  shortness of breath related to the decreased oxygen perfusion and increase workload of the heart due to fluid overload.  Often patients find this an insidious process which becomes more problematic as the fluid increases and workload of the heart increases (Taylor, Hobbs, Marshall, Leyva-Leon, & Gale, 2017).  Fluid retention: Results from reduced blood supply to kidneys, in turn leading to swollen ankles, legs, and abdomen (generalized body swelling), weight gain, increased frequency of urination at night, loss of appetite, and/or nausea (Hematology Week, 2020, Aug 17).  What role does hypertrophy play in heart failure? Hypertrophy occurs either as a normal response or an abnormal response to overworking a muscle.  Such changes in cardiac muscle are an abnormal hypertrophic change can be seen with hypertension. The cardiac muscle, over time grows larger from increased work, the cardiac muscle will thicken and enlarge when an increased workload is placed on it because of hypertension leaving less space in the ventricles to fill with blood leading to less cardiac output, leading to more demand on the heart to pump more blood, leading to increasingly large, ineffective heart function(Dlugosch,& Story, 2021). Does this patient have Ischemic disease?  Why or why not? He doesn’t have to have ischemic disease.  Although, many patients who suffer from heart failure have had Ischemic heart disease or kidney disease that can lead to heart failure.  Ischemic heart disease is the principal etiology of heart failure in the Western world. Myocardial ischemia is contributory in cardiac remodeling, and leads to change in the shape and size of the heart and significantly worsens the prognosis of patients with heart failure. Preventing ischemic events, therefore, is an important goal in the management of patients with coronary artery disease (Remme 2000).   What is Virchow’s Triad? Virchow’s triad are a group of three risk factors that may predispose a person to the development of venous thrombosis (Stone, 2017). These factors include: Hypercoagulability can occur due to a variety of clinical statuses such as pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive medications, cancer, chemotherapy drugs, and inherited thrombophilia, hemostasis from atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease: prolonged immobility. Endothelial injury to the wall of a vessel altering the dynamics of blood flow (Kushner, West, Pillarisetty, 2020)         Reference Dlugosch, L & Story, L. (2021). Applied Pathophysiology for the Advanced Practice     Nurse. Jones &Bartlett Heart Disorders and Diseases – Heart Attack; New Findings on Heart Attack Described by Investigators at Elbistan State Hospital (Relationship Between Fragmented Qrs Complexes and Ejection Fraction Recovery In Anterior St-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing …). (2020, Aug 17). Hematology Week https://search.proquest.com/docview/2435349666?accountid=100141 Kushner A, West WP, Pillarisetty LS. Virchow Triad. 2020 Sep 13. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan–. PMID: 30969519. Remme W. J. (2000). Overview of the relationship between ischemia and congestive heart failure. Clinical cardiology, 23(7 Suppl 4), IV4–IV8. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960230703 Taylor, C. J., Hobbs, F. D. R., Marshall, T., Leyva-Leon, F., & Gale, N. (2017). From breathless to failure: symptom onset and diagnostic meaning in patients with heart failure—a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 7(3)http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013648 Stone, J., Hangge, P., Albadawi, H., Wallace, A., Shamoun, F., Knuttien, M. G., Naidu, S., & Oklu, R. (2017). Deep vein thrombosis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and medical

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